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The Hawaiian coot (''Fulica alai''), also known as the ''alae kea'' in Hawaiian, is a bird in the rail family, Rallidae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is similar to the American coot at in length and weighing around . It has black plumage and a prominent white frontal shield. Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, coastal saline lagoons, and water storage areas. The bird was federally listed in October 1970 as an endangered species 〔United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1970. Conservation of Endangered Species and other Fish or Wildlife: United States List of Endangered Native Fish and Wildlife. Federal Registry 35: 16047-16048.〕 and is considered both endemic and endangered by the state of Hawaii. It is threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators such as the small Asian mongoose.〔 The Makalawena Marsh on the Big Island of Hawaii has been listed as a National Natural Landmark to preserve one of its last nesting areas.〔(Makalawena Marsh ) on National Park Service web site〕 ==Endangered Species Listing== The Hawaiian coot was federally listed in October 1970 as an endangered species 〔United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1970. Conservation of Endangered Species and other Fish or Wildlife: United States List of Endangered Native Fish and Wildlife Federal Registry 35: 16047-16048.〕 and is considered both endemic and endangered by the state of Hawaii.〔Mitchell, C., C. Ogura, D.W. Meadows, A. Kane, L. Strommer, S. Fretz, D. Leonard, and A. McClung. 2005. Hawaii’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Department of Land and Natural Resources. Honolulu, Hawai‘i.〕 The United States Fish and Wildlife Service's 5-year review, conducted in 2010, found that none of the four criteria established for delisting or downlisting of the species had been meet.〔United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010. Hawaiian coot or ‘alae ke’oke’o (Fulica alai) 5-Year Review Summary and Evaluation. USFWS Pacific Island Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, HI, 11 pp.〕 The delisting/downlisting criteria include protection and management of core and supporting wetlands, a population size greater than 2000 birds for five consecutive years, and multiple self-sustaining populations throughout the Hawaiian Islands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hawaiian coot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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